> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://alomancy.gitbook.io/guides/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://alomancy.gitbook.io/guides/cheat-sheets/bash-cheat-sheets/math.md).

# Math

## Math

### **Arithmetic Expansion in Bash (Operators: +, -, \*, /, %, etc)**

```
echo $(( 10 + 5 ))  #15
x=1
echo $(( x++ )) #1 , notice that it is still 1, since it's post-incremen
echo $(( x++ )) #2
echo $(( ++x )) #4 , notice that it is not 3 since it's pre-incremen
echo $(( x-- )) #4
echo $(( x-- )) #3
echo $(( --x )) #1
x=2
y=3
echo $(( x ** y )) #8
```

### **Print out the prime factors of a number (e.g. 50)**

```
factor 50
# 50: 2 5 5
```

### **Sum up input list (e.g. seq 10)**

```
seq 10|paste -sd+|bc
```

### **Sum up a file (each line in file contains only one number)**

```
awk '{s+=$1} END {print s}' filename
```

### **Column subtraction**

```
cat file| awk -F '\t' 'BEGIN {SUM=0}{SUM+=$3-$2}END{print SUM}'
```

### **Simple math with expr**

```
expr 10+20 #30
expr 10\*20 #600
expr 30 \> 20 #1 (true)
```

### **More math with bc**

```
# Number of decimal digit/ significant figure
echo "scale=2;2/3" | bc
#.66

# Exponent operator
echo "10^2" | bc
#100

# Using variables
echo "var=5;--var"| bc
#4
```